Macedonian names and makeDonski pseudo-linguistics: The case of the names Dadas and Dada.

Originally published in:
http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/106364




Balkan Illusion - phantasia archaica:

"...it is very interesting to note that many of the authentic ancient Macedonian words, according to their etymology and pronunciation, have a striking resemblance to the appropriate words used in the modern Macedonian language (and other so called "Slav"[sic] languages)."..."Dada. The noun "dada" in the present day Macedonian language means "older sister". The name "Dada" is present In todays' Macedonian onomasticon."

From: "Similarities between ancient Macedonian and today's' Macedonian Culture (Linguistics and Onomastics)" by Aleksandar Donski, celebrity "historian"-propagandist from FYROM.

Dadas / Δάδας & Dada / Δάδα

The Prodromos Hellenikes Bibliothekes / Πρόδρομος Ελληνικής Βιβλιοθήκης, "A Forerunner to a Greek Library", published in Paris in 1805, was a literary collection of works by three ancient writers whom the editor considered as introductory to the corpus of the ancient classics. The editor and publisher was Adamantios Koraes, (Αδαμάντιος Κοραής, 1748–1833) a Greek humanist scholar and medical doctor and an active supporter of the French revolution. As a man of the Age of Enlightenment, who was in constant correspondence with the greatest liberal minds of his era He was in constant correspondence with Thomas Jefferson, for example), Koraes tirelessly worked for the liberation of Greece from the yoke of Ottoman slavery and for the education of young Greeks everywhere. His influence in the formation of the literrary modern Greek language has been compared to that of Dante for Italian or Martin Luther for the German language. Koraes believed in the power of education in liberating the minds of individual people and collectively their nations and convinced many wealthy expatriate Greeks to finance the publishing of books in the Greek language to be used in Greek schools in occupied Greece and abroad. The Prodromos Hellenikes Bibliothekes was one such case. In Koraes' Prodromos we find the short story of a Cretan woman named Dada, as relayed by Nikolaos Damaskenos / Νικόλαος Δαμασκηνός in his Ιστορίαι/Stories:

Ὀτι Σκάμανδρος ό βασιλεύσας πρώτος των Τρώων, Σάμωνι χρησάμενος συνεργώ, τους εν τή Τρωάδι ἐνίκησεν. ἀποθανόντος δε Σάμωνος κατά την μάχην, την γυναίκα αυτού Δάδαν [Dadan] μητέρα των νεανίσκων, εἰς το Πόλιον εξέπεμψε διά κήρυκος, ὠς ἀν έκεί συνοικήσειεν ότω βούληται. Ὀ δε κήρυξ κατά την όδόν βιασάμινος αὐτήν ήσχυνεν. Ἠ δε, το ξίφος έχουσα το του ἀνδρός, αὐτήν διεχρήσατο. Αίσθόμενοι δε οί Κρήτες τον κήρυκα κατέλευσαν, ένθα ό χώρος Ἀναίδειας ὠνομάσθη.

Dada's story was retold (using almost to the word Damaskenos' narrative) in French and then translated into English in the "Dictionary of Classical Mythology", by Pierre Grimal (Willey-Blackwell Publishing, 1990):

Dada/Δάδα

"The wife of the Cretan hero Samon, who helped Scamander take possession of the Troad. After Samon's death in battle Dada entrusted herself to a herald, asking him to accompany her to a nearby city, where she intended to remarry. On the way the herald violated her and, overcome with shame, Dada ran herself through with her dead husband's sword. When the Cretans became learnt of this tragic event they stoned the herald to death at the very place where he had carried out his rape; the place became known thereafter as the Field of Shamelessness."

This is an ancient Greek myth connecting a Greek woman from Crete named Dada and events on the island of Crete with Skamandros, the mythical king of the city of Troy, on the Asiatic shore of the Aegean Sea, by the Hellespont. The name Dada/Δάδα and her male equivalent Dadas/Δάδας are names that are found throughout the Greek speaking word, and not only in Macedonia, as professor Aleksandar Donsky implies. They happen to be far more widespread and popular in Ionia, and the rest of Hellenic Asia Minor, in what is now Turkey. Searching through the epigraphic record, we looked for the name Dadas and Dada, and their derivatives and other names derived from the same toot, and what we found is a rather disproportionate distribution:

We begin with Asia Minor:

45 mentions of Dadas or Dada

8 mentions of Dadouchos/Δαδούχος

2 mentions of Adados/Ἀδαδος

1 mention of Theudados/Θευδᾶδος (Θευδᾶδος is Ionian and Dorian for:

Theodados/Θεο-δᾶδος. Θευ-= Θεο-=Theo-).

1 mention of Νεικάδαδος/Neikadados.

Below is an example on an inscription from Galatia, close to the modern Turkish capital Ankara:

Regions : Asia Minor : Galatia

Strubbe, Cat. Pessinus 45

Gal., N. — Pessinous: Sivrihisar — AEMÖ 7.1883.182,56

Δαδα Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ἀνδ-

ρὶ κὲ Δίῳ υἱῷ μνήμης χάριν.

Dada to Alexandros her husband

and to Dion her son, in memory's favor.

Another example from Phrygia, found not far from the first one:

Regions : Asia Minor : Phrygia

MAMA 5 Lists Note:188,1[2/5]

Phryg. — Dorylaion (Eskişehir), W. of: Inönü — MDAI(A) 25.1900.417,28 w/470

ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ.

Διὶ Βροντῶντι ἐπη-

κόῳ θεῷ Δαδᾶς/Dadas Δαμᾶ

σὺν τοῖς τέκνοις Ὀ-

νησίμῳ καὶ Διομᾶ

καὶ Χρυσίῳ ὑπὲρ τῶν

ἰ]δίων εὐχὴν ἀνέστησαν

In benevolent Fortune

To Zeus the Thundering one

the god who listens (epecoos), Dadas son of Damas

along with his children O-

nesimos and Diomas

and Chrysios, praying on their

own behalf they raised this

Next we look at inscriptions at the North Shore of the Black Sea:

We find

38 mentions of Dadas/Δάδας or Dada/Δάδα

2 mentions of Dadaios/Δαδαίος

4 mentions of Dadagos /Δάδαγος

4 mentions of Dadakos /Δάδακος

Example of a Greek inscription from the Greek city of Ερμόνασσα/Ηermonassa, modern Tmutarakan (Тмутаракань) by the Cimmerian Bosporus,in Russia, a city strategically located by the entry from the Euxine Pontus into the Sea of Azov.

Regions : North Shore of the Black Sea

CIRB 1054

N. Black Sea — Hermonassa (Taman ) — 123-133 AD — IosPE IV 421

βασιλεύοντος βασι]-

λέως [Τιβερίου Ἰουλίου]

Κότυος υἱ[οῦ βασιλέως]

Σαυρομάτου, [φιλοκαίσα]-

ρος καὶ φιλορωμαίου,

εὐσεβοῦς, ἡ σύνο-

δος ἡ περὶ νακόρον

Βάγην Σωσιπάτρου,

καὶ ἱρ̣έα Στράτωνα

Ὀν̣[ησιδ?]ώ̣ρου καὶ ἱερομά-

στορα Ἀπολλώνιον Χρυ-

σαλίσκου καὶ γραμμα-

τέα Ἀγαθοῦν Πολεμοκρά-

του καὶ φιλάγαθον Μυρεῖ-

νον β καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ θιασεῖτ[αι]·

Καλοῦς Μυρείνου

Μέγης Μηνᾶ

Δημοκράτης Δάδα/Dada

Ἀρισταγόρας Ἀγαθοῦ

Δάδας [Dadas] Ἀπολλωνί[ου]

etc

During the royal rule of

king Tiberios Ioulios

Kotys son of king

Sautomates, who is philocaesar,

philoroman, and

pious, the council surrounding

the president of the temple:

Bages son of Sosistratos

and priest Straton son of

Onesidoros and holy

official Apollonios son of

Chrysaliskos and secre-

tary Agathon son of Polemo-

krates and the well meaning Myrei-

nos and the rest of the (Bacchic) thiasos members:

Kalous son of Myreinos

Meges son of Menas

Democrates son of Dadas

Aristagoras son of Agathos

Dadas son of Apollonios

etc

Next we look at occurrences of these names in Thrace and Lower Danube:

19 mentions of Dadas/Δάδας or Dada /Δάδα.

1 mention of Dadoparenos/Δαδοπαρηνός.

1 mention of Dados/Δαδος.

The first examples is from ancient Οδησσός/Odessus, by modern Varna (not to be confused with Odessa of Ukraine, further north):

IGBulg 286

Thrace and Moesia Inferior

Odessus (Varna) — Galata

above relief.1

Ἥρωι Καραβασ]μῳ

below relief.2

Ἀγαθήνωρ Πόσσειος ὁ

καὶ Δαδας/Dadas εὐχαριστήριον

κατ´ εὐχὴν τοῦ πατρός.

Agathenor Poseios also

known as Dadas, thanks offering

according to the wish of his father

The second example is from Byzantium/Βυζάντιον/Constantinople, modern Istanbul:

IK Byzantion 234

Thrace and Moesia Inferior

Thrace — Byzantion (Istanbul) — 2nd c. BC (Fir.)

Firatli-Robert (Annexe) 230 — SEG 24.721

Χρηστὴ Δ̣α̣δα/Dada, Δα̣[δας]/Dadas

Ἀπολλωνίου.

Chreste daughter of Dadas, Dadas

son of Apollonios

We now move to the Aegean Islands:

Here we have

5 mentions of Dadas/Δάδας

3 mentions of Dadamas/Δαδἀμας

Below is a well published example from the island of Lesbos:

Regions : Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) :

Lesbos, Nesos, and Tenedos (IG XII,2)

IG XII,2 222

Lesbos — Mytilene

from the base of a statue:

ὀ δᾶμος

Δάδαν/Dadan Δίη, γύναικα δὲ Λεσβώνακτος

τῶ Ποτάμωνος, ἰρεύσαισαν Ἐτηφίλα

κάλως καὶ εὐσεβέως καὶ ἀποκατάσται-

σαν τὰ ἶρα, ἀρέτας ἔννεκα καὶ εὐ-

νοίας τᾶς εἰς αὖτον.

the people

To Dada daughter of Dies, and also wife of Lesbonax

son of Potamon, who has been priestess of Etephila

in a good and pious way and was instrumental in

reconstituting the Ira, due to her virtue and her

good will towards them, the people.

Incidentally, this same Dada, whose Roman citizen's name was Claudia, was later honored by the Mytilinean demos with a second statue. She was the daughter of Dies/Δίης, sister of Philon and wife of Lesboanax/Λεσβώναξ (yes, indeed, his name means "king of the Lesbians", and no, we should not get over-excited: it merely refers to the inhabitants of the Greek island of Lesbos).

The base of the second statue preserves the following commendation:

Κλαυδίαν Δα[δα?]/Dada

ἠροίναν Γαίω[---]

τὠ εὐεργέτα πα[ίδα].

To Klaudia Da[da?]

a heroine to Gaio[---]

to the benefactor child.

Now we search for the same names in northern Greece, in Macedonia:

We locate

2 mentions of the name Dadas/Δάδας

1 mention of the name Dadouchos/Δαδοῦχος.

1 mention of Dados/Δάδος

Examples:

EKM 1. Beroia 181

Macedonia : Bottiaia: Beroia

Διογένης Βαρναίου ἥρως

Δάδα/Dada ἡ[ρ]ώ̣ισσα.

Diogenes son of Barnaios, a hero

Dada, a heroine

Another example comes in the form of a small inscription stamped on a clay vessel, an amphora, originating in the SE Aegean island of Cos:

SEG 48:832,3

Macedonia : Bottiaia: Pella, Unpublished Coan amphora stamp

naming eponym Δάδας : Dadas

A third inscription from Macedonia, concerning the sale of a house:

Regions : Northern Greece (IG X) : Macedonia

Meletemata 22, Epig. App. 91 Meletemata 22, Epig. App. 90 Meletemata 22, Epig. App. 92

Makedonia (Edonis) — Amphipolis — 3rd c. BC — SEG 24.584

ἀγαθῆι τύ[χηι]. ἐφ´ ἱερέως Αἰσχύλου, ἐπισ̣-

τάτου δὲ Κλεάνδρου, μηνὸς Δίου. Κίσσο-

ς Ἑκαταίου ἐπρίατο παρὰ Σωσικράτους τοῦ Ἀ-

νδρονίκου τὴν οἰκίαν καὶ τὸ οἰκόπεδον τὸ

προσόν, ἧι γείτονες Ἀντίγονος Μαχάτα,

Νίκανδρος Λεωνίδου, χρυσῶν ἑδομήκ̣-

οντα τριῶν. βεβαιωταὶ Μαχάτας Ἀνδρονί-

κ]ου, Καλλίστρατος Δάδου, Νύμφων Ξεν-

οφῶντος καὶ αὐτὸς Σωσικράτης. μάρτυρ-

ε]ς Νέων Ἰχναίου, Ἀ̣σ̣τιδ̣ί̣ης Ἀντιδότου.

In Good fortune. During the time of priest Aeschylos when

president was Cleandros, in the month of Dios, Kissos

son of Hekataios took possession from Sosikrates son of An-

dronikos of the house and the land plot

adjacent to the properties of the neighbors Antigonos son of Machatas,

and Nikandros son of Leonides, for seventy

three gold (coins). Verifyiers: Machatas son of Andro-

nikos, Kallistratos son of Dados/Δάδος, Nymphon son of Xeno-

phon and Sosikrates himself. Witnes-

ses Neon son of Ichnaios and Astides son of Antidotos.


In Egypt of the Ptolemies we find:

2 mentions of the name Dadas/Δάδας

1 mention of the name Dadouchos/Δαδοῦχος.

1 mention of the name Dadouchios/Δαδοῦχιος.

Example of an inscription:

Regions : Egypt, Nubia and Cyrenaïca : Egypt and Nubia

Syringes 693

Eg. — Thebes [W.]: Syringes

Δαδᾶς/Dadas Ζ̣ιπύρου

Θρᾶϊξ,

Νίκανδρος Ζ̣ένωνος

Σελγεὺς ἥκω,

ἐπ´ ἀγα-

θῷ,

εὐτυχῖτε {εὐτυχεῖτε}.

Dadas son of Zipyros

a Thracian

Nikandros son of Zenon

who came from Selgia

for goodness, well

being.

Joy to you!

In Central Greece:

2 mentions of the name Dada/Δάδα

Example from Thessaly, from a marble-inscribed declaration of freeing of slaves, mentioning a freed woman named Dada:

IG IX,2 324

Thessaly (IG IX,2): Hestiaiotis: Aiginion (Kalambaka)

στρατηγοῦντος Ἀσκλάπωνος μηνὸ[ς]

Ἑ]ρμαίου τρίτῃ· αἱ ἀπελευθερωθῖσαι ἀ-

π̣ὸ Ἀντικράτους τοῦ Νικάνορος καὶ Ἀ-

φθ]οννῶς τῆς Λαχάρου Δ[ά]δα / Dada [κα]ὶ Κ[—]-

Ι̣ραὶς ἡ θυ[γάτ]ηρ άδας/ D

— — — — — — οἱ ἀπελ]ευθερωθέντες

While Strategos was Asclapon on the month

Hermaios, the third day; the freed by

Antikrates the son of Nikanoc and aph-

thono daughter of Lacharos, Dada and K[—]-

Irais the daughter of Dada.

— — — — — — the freed slaves...

In Syria, Arabia and Masopotamia we had to be especially carefull in selecting names, since Babylonian, Persian and numerous other non-Greek names appear which sound similar to but are not related to the Greek Dadas. We only chose the ones which are indisputably Greek:

1 mention of Dadados/Δάδαδος

1 mention of the name Das/Δας (genitive: Dados/Δαδός)

1 mention of the name Dadaia/Δαδαία

Example from Arabia:

Regions : Greater Syria and the East : Arabia

PPUAES IIIA 5,651^1

Syria, S./Arabia-Hauran—Inkhil

σῆ[μα] τόδε

γαμετῇ τεκτή-

ν]ατο Δαδος / Dados

ἥτις ἄγαν πι-

ν]υτὴ δο[ύλη]

πο[λ]υήρατο-

ς ο̣ὖσ ̣, ἵλα̣-

ος(?)

here is the tomb

built for the married woman

named Das

who was always

wise, a much de-

sired slave

and a joyous

one

In Attica/Athens there are countless mentions of the word/atribute dadouchos, due to the Eleusinian and Panathenian festivals and their torch relays, but we only chose this word (Dadouchos / Δαδούχος) only when used as a person's name. Therefore, in Athens we have:

1 mention of the name Dadates/Δαδάτης

1 mention of the name Dada/Δάδα.

30 mentions of the name Dadouchos/Δαδοῦχος.

2 mentions of the name Dados/Δάδος

Example:

Regions : Attica (IG I-III) : Attica

IG II² 11032

Att. — Athens: Akr. — s I p

Κορνηλία

Δάδα / Dada

Cornelia

daughter of Dadas.

And also:

Regions : Attica (IG I-III) : Attica

IG II² 8944

Att. — Athens: Akr.

Εὐρυδίκη

Δάδου / Dadou

Ἰχναία.

Euridice

daughter of Dados

from Ichna

Italy:

1 mention of the name Dadouchis/Δαδουχίς

The inscription contains a very long list of Greek names (about five hundred), from a religious document from a temple in the city of Rome.

IGUR I 160

Italy, incl. Magna Graecia

Italia — Roma: Torre Nova, area of — ca. mid. 2nd c. AD — cf. IGUR IV, p. 148, 160

οἱ ὑπογεγραμμένοι

Μακ]ρεῖνος ἥρως

Κεθ]ηγίλλα δᾳδοῦχος/dadouchos (a torchbearer, as a function not as a name)

ἱερεῖς

Γ]α̣λλικανός

Γ̣αλλικανός

Μακρεῖνος

Ὄρφιτος

Γλύκερος

Πτέρων

Καικιλία

Δύναμις

Φιλήτη

Ἐπίκτητος

Δαδουχίς/Dadouchis

Ροῦφα

Μουσική

Φοῖβος

the undersigned

Mak]reinos hero

Keth]egilla a torch bearer (δᾳδοῦχος/dadouchos)

the priests

Gallikanos

Gallikanos

Makreinos

Orphitos

Glykeros

Pteron

Kaikilia

Dynamis

Philite

Epictetos

Dadouchis

Roufa

Mousike

Phoebos

Now that we have seen the name Dada and Dadas as well as many of similar names in related form, all derived from the same root, let us look at their meaning.

Let us start with Hesychios, the 5th century AD lexicographer, who saved for us thousands of unusual Greek words and words in various Greek dialects:

δᾷδα· λαμπάδα Dada: a torch

δᾷδας· λαμπηδόνας Dadas: torches (plural)

δᾷδες· λαμπάδες Dades: torches (plural)

δᾳδουχεῖ· λάμπει, φέγγει. φωτίζει. [φαίνει] verb: Dadouchei: it shines, lights up

δᾳδουχίας· λαμπαδηφορίας λυχναψίας. φωτισμοῦ Dadouchias: about torch bearing

δᾳδοῦχος· λυχνάπτης. [λαμπαδηφόρος] Dadouchos: torch bearer

δᾳδουχοῦνται· φαίνονται verb Dadouchountai: they are being lit, seen

δᾳδουχῶν· διαλάμπων. n φωτίζων Dadouchon: sparkling shiny, well lit

δαΐδες· λαμπάδες. g λύχνοι Daides: torches, lights (plural)

δαΐδων· λαμπάδων (Σ 492) Daidon: of torches

δᾳδῶχορ· λυχνία Dadochor: a night light

δαίς· πεύκη, λαμπάς Dais: pine, torch

δαίων· καίων S Daion: the burning one

δαίω· καίω ἐξάπτω vgAS verb Daio: to burn, to torch.

In the monumental work of the German Linguist Julius Pokorny's Indogermanisches Etymologisches Woerterbuch, which was published in 1959, we find the root / lemma:

" dāu-, dǝu-, dū̆- which means : "to burn". "

Pokorny connected this to:

"Old Indian dunṓti `burns (trans), afflicts', dūná- `burnt, afflicted', Pass. dūyatē `burns' (intr.), kaus. dāvayati `burns' (trans), dāvá-ḥ (with ablaut change davāḫḥ) `blaze', etc...as in δεδαυμένος[dedaumenos]". He continues further down:

"gr. Δαίω [daio] (*δᾰF-ι̯ω) `set on fire, inflame', Perf. δέδηε [dedëe]`be in flames, be on fire' (: Old Indian dudāva), participle δεδαυμένος [dedaumenos] (δαῦσαι[dausai] ἐκκαῦσαι Hes., ἐκδαβῇ[ekdave] ἐκκαυθῇ Λάκωνες Hes.), δάος n., δαΐς[dais], -ίδος f. `torch' (to ᾳ: von att. δᾱͅς[das], δᾱͅδός[dados] s. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 266), δᾱνός [dais] `easily ignitable = to dry' (*δαεινός from *δαFεσ-νός), δᾱλός `burning piece of wood' (*δαFελός = lakon. Δαβελός)[davelos];" and also:

"air. dōīm `singe, burn' (about air. dōīm `get, exert' see under deu̯(ǝ)-), Verbalnom. dōud = Old Indian davathu-ḥ `blaze, fire'; atūd `kindle, inflame' from *ad-douth, cymr. cynneu `kindle, inflame'".

In the much more recent work "The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo European world, by J.P.Mallory and D.Q. Adams (Oxford University Press, 2006), a more updated lema is shown in *dehau, meaning "kindle, burn". On page 123 we read:

"Getting a fire started may have been indicated by *dehau- "kindle, burn" with cognates in Celtic (e.g. OIr daud "burning"), Grk dai'o "kindle, burn", Skt Duno'ti "kindles, burns", and Tocharian (e.g. TochA twas- "kindle, ignite, light").

We look up some Sanskrit words in a Sanskrit-English dictionary freely available on the internet, and some words come up which are phonetically similar to the Greek dada and also etymologically related to it:

"DAH, I. P. (E. also A.) DAHA, burn, consume with fire ; cauterize ; destroy ; torment, agitate ; pj.be burned; be destroyed; be consumed with inward fire ; be tortured : pp. DAFFDHA, i/, v. ; cs. DAHAYA, cause to be burned; burn (tr.); DO.DIDHAKEHA, be about to burn or destroy ; intv. DANDAHITL, dan- dagdhi, DANDANYATE, burn or destroy completely ; "

And also:

"DAVA, m. (forest) conflagration; m. n. forest : -DAHANA, m. forest fire ; -Agni, m. fire of a burning forest; Tanala, iii. id."

"A Sanskrit-English dictionary", by Arthur Anthony Macdonell

Dava is a word that in Sanskrit is related to both wood and fire, but particularly in a forest fire. The meaning of the Greek word for dada is similarly related to a piece of wood on fire.

The word Dava-Agni-Davagni which indicates the fire of a burning forest could be of particular interest to us, since it has two familiar cognates: one in Greek (Sanskrit Dava – Greek Dada) and one for Latin (Sanskrit Agni - Latin Ignis [the Greek word agne/αγνή is also a cognate, although not an obvious one: agne=pure, purified – through fire). The English word "to ignite" is a cognate of the Sanskrit "agni", and the same word exists in Slavic too: ogni-ogonj-огонь=fire. The name Ignatius is derived from Ignis, for fire in Latin, and is therefore related to Agni; we will see it again, later on, so let us remember it, but it is interesting to see its Saskrit cognate here couple with Dada's Sanskrit cognate to form the Sanskrit forest-fight: "Davagni".

As it becomes very apparent by now that the Greek word dais/δαίς-dados/δαδός and the names Dada/Δάδα Dadas/Δάδας and their derivatives all relate to the act of "starting a fire", "setting wood ablaze", "igniting", and of course "torches" and "torch bearing".

They are all derived from the verb daio/δαίω (in original form *δαF-ίω), which means "to light up", "to kindle", "to set on fire", "to burn,". Passive form: Dedaumai/δέδαυμαι, I am being lit up, torched. Δαίς/dais, is also found as δάς/das, in genitive form δαδός/dados, which translates as "the torch". In ancient Greek we also have the words δαδούχος / dadouxos for "the one holding a torch", as in the torch bearers at the festival of Eleusinian Demetra, in Athens, and δαδοφόρος / dadophoros which also means "the torch bearer". The two associates of the Persian Mithra, the prophet of Zaroaster, whose cult spread throughout the Roman empire and competed with Christianity for dominance in Europe in the beginning of the first millennium, always followed Mithra each holding a torch in their hand, and they were called Dadophoroi/Δαδοφόροι. The verb describing their action (bearing a torch) is δαδοφορέω/dadophoreo : to bear a torche, as in festivals (Liddel & Scott, Greek-English Lexicon, page 365, 1951 reprint). Dadaphorios/Δαδαφόριος was also the name of the fifth month in the calendar of Delphi (roughly equivalent to today's January, the Macedonian Peritios/Περίτιος and the Athenian Gamelion/Γαμηλιών). Dadophorios took its name from of the annual torch-light festival Dadaphoria/Δαδαφόρια that was held on this month in Delphi. Δαδουχεω/dadouheo is a verb meaning "to be a torch", being a torch bearer. The image of the two Dadophoroi/torch bearers passing a dais/dados, a torch to one another, shown at the beginning of this article, is from an ancient Greek amphora. It is showing the passing of the torch in such an athletic contest help during a religious festival, a Dadophoreia, a torch relay.

In modern Greek, δάδα/dada still means the torch. A quick "image" search in the internet (using a "copy and paste" for those who cannot spell it in Greek) of the word δάδα will bring up countless images of torches; especially the Olympic torches of the torch relay around the world (from the site of ancient Olympia, in the Peloponnese, to the Olympic city of that year). Dada/δάδα is what the statue of Liberty in New York harbor is holding on her right hand (also called a pyrsos/πυρσός, from Pyr/πύρ for fire). Dadi/δαδι in modern Greek is the resin wood chip used to ignite a fireplace fire.

Professor Aleksandar Donski/Александар Донски, of Skopje, FYROM, in his futile attempt to establish a non-existing connection between the ancient Greek names Dada/Δάδα - Dadas/Δάδας to words in the jugo-Slavic language spoken in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, proclaims that "The noun "dada" in the present day Macedonian [sic] language means "older sister"". He obviously forgot to inform us as to how Δάδας/Dadas is related to his own "Дада"". And what about Dados, Dadouchos, Dadates, etc...how are these men related to the Slavomakedonian "older sister-Dada/Дада"? Consistency, it seems, is not a pre-qualification criterion for the good nationalistic propagandist.

Having by now been informed of the meaning of Dada in the "present day" language of the modern inhabitants of FYROM (ancient Paeonia and Dardania-not Macedonia), it is time to recall what Dada means in the "present day" languages of most other European nations: DADA: an anti-war, anti-establishment radical art movement of the WWI years (started in Zürich in 1916), which reverberates on and off till now (the Punk subculture owed much to Dada). Unfortunately, the European Dada, despite its obvious phonetic similarities, happens to have about as much connection to the ancient Greek Dada/Δάδα and Dadas/Δάδας as the pseudo-makedonka "older sister"-"Dada/Дада".

In conclusion, Dada/Δάδα and Dadas/Δάδας and other similarly derived names of the same linguistic root, have been attested in Greek Mythology and Greek History. The Hellenic epigraphjic record containes numerous inscriptions with these names, as clearly demonstrated above. Equally important is the fact that Dadas, Dada and related names were popular throughout the Greek-speaking word, and certainly not only in Macedonia. While there are only four mentions of the name Dada (and similar, related names) in Macedonia, there are about twenty one mentions of these same names in Thrace (in modern Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece), over fifty-five mentions of these same and related names in Asia Minor (now Turkey) and forty eight in the (predominantly Ionian) Greek colonies of the Euxinus Pontus (the Black Sea), Greek cities in what is now Romania, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia. There were, as we showed above, ancient Greek inscriptions with the names Dada/Δάδα, Dadas/Δάδας, Dados/Δάδος etc found in other places in Greece, from Thessaly and Athens to Crete, Delos and Lesbos, but also in places as diverse and distant from each other as modern Syria, Mesopotamia-Iraq and Saudi Arabia, but also in Egypt and in Italy-Rome.

The common thread uniting these names is their "burning", "fire-igniting" and "torch"-related etymology:

Dadas/Δάδας, Dados/Δάδος, Dadaios/Δαδαίος, Dada/Δάδα: if they were Romans, instead of Greeks, with etymologically similar Latin names, they would have been named Inflammatus, Candelabrarius, Candela, or Ignatius: they too are "burning", "inflaming", "fire-igniting" and "torch" related names, like Dada/Δάδα and Dadas/Δάδας.

Falsifying History - Fabricating a Fake Identity: Skopjan pseudo-Makedonism on YAUNA - YAVAN - IONIANS

Miltiades Elia Bolaris
January 30, 2010





















In the http://my.opera.com blog there is a section named "Macedonian Civilization/Македонска Цивилизација - Truth about Macedonians". Within that section there is a chapter about the Ionian Greeks, called "Yavan-Ionians", which was published on January 22nd, 2008 by a young Skopjan propagandist named Stojanche Chabir... /Стојанче Цавир..., who is writing under the pseudonym "Makedon".

The internet page containing this entry is dripping with hideous ethnic hatred and venomous spite against the Greeks:

http://my.opera.com/ancientmacedonia/blog/sub-saharan-turkish-tribes-which-today-call-their-self-greeks-have-not-ethymolog

It is about, we are informed in advance, the:

"sub-Saharan-Turkish tribes which today call their self Greeks" [sic].

The misinformative article is starting with a piece of historical information copied wholesale from the following website:

http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DNc-e.html#DNe

"In ca.521, the Persian king Darius I the Great ordered that a new alphabet, the Aryan script, was to be developed. This was used for a small corpus of inscriptions, known as the Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions. An overview of all inscriptions can be found here."

Further down:

"Darius was buried at Naqš-i Rustam. The inscriptions on the upper and central registers of his tomb (DNa and DNb) are well-known, but there are several smaller texts on the same monument: two trilingual honorific inscriptions for the courtiers Gobryas and Aspathines, and inscriptions on the figures supporting Darius' throne. Because inscription DNe mentions Macedonians, it must have been made after 512."

Here is the transliterated Persian inscription and next to it its English translation:

"DNe, indications of people

1. iyam Pârsâ 1. This is the Persian.

2. iyam Mâda 2. This is the Mede.

3. iyam Uvja 3. This is the Elamite.

4. iyam Parthava 4. This is the Parthian.

5. iyam Haraiva 5. This is the Arian.

6. iyam Baxtriya 6. This is the Bactrian.

7. iyam Suguda 7. This is the Sogdian.

8. iyam Uârazmiya 8. This is the Chorasmian.

9. iyam Zrakâ 9. This is the Drangian.

10. iyam Harauvatiya 10. This is the Arachosian.

11. iyam Thataguiya 11. This is the Sattagydian.

12. iyam Gadâraya 12. This is the Gandaran.

13. iyam Hiduya 13. This is the man of Sind.

14. iyam Sakâ haumavargâ 14. This is the haoma-drinking Saca.

15. iyam Sakâ tigraxaudâ 15. This is the Saca with the pointed hat.

16. iyam Bâbiruš 16. This is the Babylonian.

17. iyam Athuriya 17. This is the Syrian.

18. iyam Arabâya 18. This is the Arab.

19. iyam Mudrâya 19. This is the Egyptian.

20. iyam Arminiya 20. This is the Armenian.

21. iyam Katpatuka 21. This is the Cappadocian.

22. imay Spardiya 22. This is the Lydian.

23. iyam Yaunâ 23. This is the Greek.

24. iyam Sakâ paradraiya 24. This is the Scythian from across the sea.

25. iyam Skudra 25. This is the Thracian.

26. iyam Yauna takabarâ 26. This is the Macedonian.

27. iyam Putâya 27. This is the Libyan.

28. iyam Kušâya 28. This is the Kushite.

29. iyam Maciya 29. This is the man of Maka.

30. iyam Karka 30. This is the Carian."

So far so good, as the expression goes.

Then, out of the blue, a photo of an archaic homoerotic art appears, setting the scene for a borboros of sewer which only the sick mind of a psychopath could come up with

"YAVAN

Little wonder, then that the Irano-Semitic peoples considered the Greeks to be effeminate.[sic]
In fact, the terms for Greek in the Irano-Semitic world
Yauna (Old Iranian), Yona (Pali), Javan (Greek), Yavana (Prakrit), besides meaning barbarian or savage, [sic] are derived from the root-word yoni, meaning vagina."[sic]
from PIE base (Sanscrit)[sic] yavan=a rider horseman , invader , aggressor
yavan=javan-c (mod. Mac)=a rider horseman
yavan="javan"(mod.Mac)=fucked [sic]
finally, we found etymology for word Yavan (greeks)"

The psychopath-turned-fake-linguist who threw up such a scatological creation of pseudo-linguistic dunk is obviously jubilant to have invented yet one more way to hurl abuse and insult on Greeks. Fake science has always been the fig leaf of political charlatanism. The bigger and more outrageous the lie, the more abysmal the insult, the more believable becomes the propaganda message, to small-brained receptors anyway. This is an old recipe. Nazi Party supporters reveled in finding "rat" qualities in the "eternal Jew", their "enemy other". Their VMRO-DPMNE knock-offs in Skopje are following in their Nazi political predecessor steps. German pseudo-scientists at the Nazi "Research Institute for Racial Hygiene" were using racial "metrics" to prove that Jews, Gypsies and Eastern Slavs were untermenschen / subhumans. In a great historical irony, normal and otherwise decent people who fell under the spell of these theories ended up becoming the subhuman abomination of the twentieth century, whose atrocities these theories helped perpetrate. Here the aforementioned deranged psychopath above is using lies and twisting semi-truths in his attempt to prove that Greeks are somehow inferior species, who, his reasoning follows, are "not worthy" of historic Macedonia.

Propaganda is the art of making many people accept a BIG LIE. To even partially succeed in this, the propagandist must create what would pass as a "scientific"- sounding construction. The BIG LIE, as any modern student of Joseph Goebbels knows, needs to sound credible. The BIG LIE, of course, needs many smaller lies to support it.

Yoni/योनि is a Sanskrit philosophical and religious concept that means origin or source of life. Its origin is unrelated to the female reproductive organ and it has obviously nothing to do with the Ionian Greeks.

Yauna, Yona, Javan, Yavana, are not original Sanskrit words and they do not mean "barbarian" or "savage". They mean Greek and as in most eastern languages, the word is derived from the Greek ethnonym Ionian. As for the "barbarian" or "savage" that the Skopjan propagandist is trying to insert next to "Greek", speaking of an imaginary "PIE base (Sanscrit) yavan=a rider horseman, invader, aggressor", this "Indo-European base" and the so called "horseman-invader-aggressor" meaning exist only in his delusional imagination: they are nowhere to be found - he is simply and shamelessly lying.

On the contrary, this is how Bṛhat Saṃhitā, the 6th century Sanskrit encyclopedia speaks of the Yavanah, the Greeks, the descendants of Alexander the Great Macedonians of Bactria (modern Afghanistan):

Mleccha hi yavanah tesu samyak shastram idam sthitam Rsivat te api pujyante kim punar daivavid dvijah (Brhatsamhita 2.15)

The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others (Brhatsamhita 2.15)

The Mahābhārata/महाभारत), one of the two major Sanskrit ancient Indian epics speaks of the "all-knowing Yavanas/sarvajnaa Yavanah"…hardly an epithet for "savages" or "barbarians":

sarvajnaa.yavanaa.rajan.shuraaz.caiva.vishesatah

mlecchah.svasamjnaa.niyataanaanukta.itaro.janah

(Mahabharata VIII.31.80)

The Yavanas, oh king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy.

(Mahabharata VIII.31.80)

Continuing down the path of Skopjan hallucination and we read:

"yavana

from PIE base (Sanscrit)
[Sanskrit is spelled with a "k" incidentally, but spelling is probably his strongest point till now, considering the rest of his performance...M.B.]

yavana=Ionian , Greek (or a king of the Greeks), in later times also a Muhammadan or European , any foreigner or barbarian.

yavana-deza=sometimes applied to Ionia , Greece , Bactria , and more recently to Arabia

yavana=f. the wife of a Yavana , a Greek or Muhammadan woman Ka1lid [sic]

javanI=n. salt from saline soil L

yavana="javana"(mod.Mac)=f. fucked"

Whatever we saw above applies here too. Yavana is not derived from any Sanskrit root, it is simply an Indian adaptation of the Greek ethnonym Ionian, a man of Ionia.
It is like saying that Arabia is called Arabia in English because it has some Arable land, or that Germany is called Germany in English because it has many germs: Germ-many ~ Germany! You get the point...typical Skopjan pseudo-Linguistics!

What the Skopjan propagandist did was simply copy what he saw in a Sanskrit dictionary, which describes various words, not all of them connected linguistically, all of which have different meanings.

This is what he saw in the dictionary:

"yavana* =1 mfn. (1. {yu}) keeping away, averting (see {dveSo-ya4vana}). //2 n. (2. {yu}) mixing, mingling (esp. with water) Nyâyam. \3 mfn. quick, swift; m. a swift horse L. (prob. w.r. for {javana}). \ = mfn. quick, swift L. (prob. w.r. for {javAna}). \4 w.r. for {paijavana} Mn. vii, 41. \ =5 m. an Ionian, Greek (or a king of the Greeks g. {kambojA7di}; in later times also a Muhammadan or European, any foreigner or barbarian) Mn. MBh. &c.; N. of a caste Gaut. (accord. to L. `" the legitimate son of a Kshatriya and a Vais'yâ or `" an Ugra who is an elephant catcher "') of a country (= {yavana-deza}, sometimes applied to Ionia, Greece, Bactria, and more recently to Arabia) W.; wheat L.; a carrot L.; olibanum L.; pl. the Ionians, Greeks (esp. the Greek astrologers) MBh. VarBriS. &c.; N. of a dynasty Pur.; ({I}) f. the wife of a Yavana, a Greek or Muhammadan woman Kâlid. Sis'. (Yavana girls were formerly employed as attendants on kings, esp. to take charge of their bows and quivers); = {javanI}, a curtain L.; n. salt from saline soil L.

http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/downloads/SanskritDictionary.html

It is easy for anyone, even someone with absolutely no knowledge of Sanskrit to realize that "salt" and "swift horse" and "keeping away" have little or no relation to the ethnonym "Yavana" describing a Greek. The fact that they sound or are even spelled the same does not at all mean that they are also derived from the same root.

"Lot" is an English word that describes a piece, or a plot of land. Lot/לוֹט is a biblical Hebrew name of Semitic linguistic origin meaning the "covered" one. LOT is the name of the national Polish airlines, meaning "flight" in Polish, and a "lot" is a synonym of the word "many" in English: a lot of things.

The Greeks were not always one nation. Several ethne under different names made up what later on, in the Hellenistic era, after Alexander the Great helped unified them as the nation of the Hellenes.

The earliest recorded Greeks were the Danaoi/Δαναοί and the Achaeans/Αχαιοί. Later on history encounters also the Dorians/Δωριείς, the Graikoi/Γραικοί, the Hellenes/΄Ελληνες, the Aeolians/Αιολείς and the Ionians/Ίωνες.

The name Greeks is not how Greeks call themselves now. For self identification Greeks now (as in classical antiquity) use the name Hellenes/ Έλληνες. In most Western European languages the Greeks are named by one of the multiple derivatives of the ancient Greek ethnonym Γραικοί/Graecoi:

Grecs, Greci, Greeks, Griegos, Grci, etc. In the languages of the near East, on the other hand, Greeks are named from words derived from the ethnonym Iones/Ίωνες: Yunan, Yavan, Yavana, Yunani, Yauna, etc.

Ionia/Ἰωνία or Ἰωνίη was the Greek western part of Asia Minor, which is now part of the Aegean coast of Turkey, around the city of Smyrna/Σμύρνη/Izmir.

The meaning of the name Ionia/Ἰωνία is vague and unknown and neither linguists (Pokorny, Georgiev) nor Historians or Classical philologists that have tackled it have been able to reach an acceptable etymology. Several Hellenic and other Indo-European etymologies have been suggested but hitherto Ionia defies easy decipherment. I might as well be an ancient, pre-Hellenic Anatolian toponym.

Again, the propagandist continues, misquoting a Sanskrit dictionary, supposedly that Yavana (Ionia) is derived from a "PIE base" (whatever that means):

"yavanadeza

from PIE base (Sanscrit)" [sic], [clearly a false statement: M.E.B.]

and continues with the copied entry:

"yavanadeza=m. the country of the Yavanas (-ja),mfn. growing or produced in the country of the YñYavanas Bhpr,mfn. born in the cñcountry of the YñYavanas , Pra7yas3c."

This is in fact correct, Yavanadeza means Greece in Sanskrit:

What is interesting though is the fact that the only Greeks that the Indians ever came in contact with were the Greek army of Alexander the Great, and then the Greek kingdoms that sprang after Alexander´s empire was split into its components parts.

Two of these component parts were the Macedonian kingdoms of Bactria and the later known Indo-Greek kingdoms in the geographic area that is now Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northwest India. After the Greek kingdoms were overtaken by the Skythians, around 30BC, the Indians lost contact with the Greeks but still remembered them as their conquerors from the West. Centuries later, they mis-identified the attacking Arabs as Greeks, hence:

"of a country (= {yavana-deza}, sometimes applied to Ionia, Greece, Bactria, and more recently to Arabia)", Sanskrit-English Dictionary, http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/downloads/SanskritDictionary.html

Having seen what the ancient Indians thought of the ethnicity of the Macedonians who conquered them, let us see what another ancient nation, the Hebrews thought of the Macedonians and their relation to the other Greeks:

"In the Table of Nations in Genesis 10.1-32, which lists the descendants of Noah and the nations they founded, the Greeks appear under the name "Yavan," who is a son of Yaphet. Yavan is parallel with the Greek word, "Ionia," the Greek region of Asia Minor; "Yaphet" is parallel with the Greek word, "Iapetus," who is the mythological father of Prometheus in Greek legend. Two other Greek nations appear in the table: Rhodes (Rodanim) and Cyprus (Kittim and Elishah). The sons of Shem, brother to Yaphet, are the Semitic (named after Shem) nations, including the Hebrews. Imagine, if you will, the Hebrew vision of history. At some point, in the dim recesses of time, after the world had been destroyed by flood, the nations of the earth were all contained in the three sons of Noah. Their sons and grandsons all knew one another, spoke the same language, ate the same mails, worshipped the same god. How odd and unmeasurably strange it must have been, then, when after an infinite multitude of generations and millenia of separation, the descendants of Yavan moved among the descendants of Shem!

They came unexpectedly. After two centuries of serving as a vassal state to Persia, Judah suddenly found itself the vassal state of Macedonia, a Greek state. Alexander the Great had conquered Persia and had, in doing so, conquered most of the world. For most of the world belonged to Persia; in a blink of an eye, it now fell to the Greeks.

This great Greek empire would last no longer than Alexander's brief life; after his death, altercations between his generals led to the division of his empire among three generals. One general, Antigonus and then later Ptolemy, inherited Egypt; another, Seleucus, inherited the Middle East and Mesopotamia. After two centuries of peace under the Persians, the Hebrew state found itself once more caught in the middle of power struggles between two great empires: the Seleucid state with its capital in Syria to the north and the Ptolemaic state, with its capital in Egypt to the south. Once more, Judah would be conquered first by one, and then by the other, as it shifted from being a Seleucid vassal state to a Ptolemaic vassal state. Between 319 and 302 BC, Jerusalem changed hands seven times."

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/HEBREWS/YAVAN.HTM

At some point, the partially educated propagandist is adding to the confusion by claiming that the word Ionian is related to horses:

Ionians

Ionians=(Hi-yanians or yavanians = horse tribes)

(Hi-yanians = Ionian sea)

Hi = horse, singular.

Hiyan = pleural.

Pa = chief.

Ira = earth.

Yavan or hiyan = swift horse

I was wondering where on earth he had came up with these unsubstantiated horse ramblings. It took me some time but I was eventually able to locate the source of these farcical claims. Here is the source of his profound knowledge:

THE ORIGIN OF GREECE (Family Letter from an Awakened Hindu)
[What else are we going to hear!...M.B.]

http://alt.nntp2http.com/history/2006/12/94299bd99900c41d0546772b0fa0d660.html

Ionians. =(Hi-yanians or yavanians = horse tribes) (Hi-

yanians = Ionian sea) Hi = horse, singular. Hiyan

pleural. Pa = chief. Ira = earth. Yavan or hiyan = swift

horse.

The man who wrote these is a certain Dr. Sharad Wagle, a Medocal Doctor, (Psychiatrist, Psychosomaticist) from New Jersey, USA. The fact that this is a "Family Letter from an Awakened Hindu" is assuring me that he was only day dreaming (Awakened Hindu) and that he did not dream up his theories while being asleep (Asleep Hindu) - pun intended!

The good doctor though is accepting the fact that: "The identification of Yavana and Ionia is well known…". His only problem is that he raises a claim that...Greeks came to Greece from India, and that Ionia got its name from Greek horse tribes originally from India. That should have raised the specter of inconsistency in our Skopjan friends's intellectual antennas, but this is small change. You cannot lie AND be consistent at the same time.

The fact that a Skopjan pseudo-Makedonist ultra-nationalist is adopting wholesale such unsubstantiated theories (Greeks as horsemen arriving from India), furnished not by a historian but a psychiatrist is sheer lunacy. Here it is where Dr. Sharad Wagle´s real professional psychiatric services are urgently in need. A trip in Skopje would make Dr. Sharad Wagle a very busy man indeed. Starting from such pseudo-academic charlatans as Tendov and Boshevski who "translated" the Egyptian Demotic text of the Rosetta Stone using the Slavomakedonski dialect of FYROM, going to the pseudo-historian Aleksandar Donski who reads Slavomacedonian names in ancient Thrace, Illyria and Macedonia, then moving to Skopje restauranteur Vasil Ilyov who claims to have translated Neolithic lithographs found in Greece, FYROM and Bulgaria using the Cyrilic alphabet 7000 years ago!) and the Bulgarian dialect spoken in FYROM! The list of lunacy is endless! There are aspiring Skopjan writers like the so-called Petrus Invictus, aka Pero Sardzoski, who has "proved" that Homer was simply a copycat of earlier Slavonic poems of Bronze age Macedonia, and the Homeric language is not Greek but Slavonic.

Anyone with a lunatic theory pertaining to Greece or Macedonia that openly insults the Greeks or makes claims to the Slavic roots of ancient Macedonia is welcome to join the swelling ranks of club "Paranoia Skopjana – Pseudohistoria Absurda".

Martin Bernal, the Sinologist turned-"Classicist" (a "classicist" who speaks and writes and specializes in Chinese language and history but knows neither Greek nor Latin), author of Black Athena (voted as the "8th worse book of the 20th century") saw the translation of his discredited book into Slavomacedonian (in the only one of the Slavic languages that found a willing editor to do so) and was awarded to become "Senator Makedonski" in Skopje, in the summer of 2009.

Can you cook up some gene theory which "proves" that the Slovenomakedonci are autochthonous to the Balkans while the Greeks are invaders from sub-Saharan Africa, related to the Ethiopians the Faso tribesmen of West Africa and, of all people, the Japanese? (HLA genes in Macedonians and the sub-Saharan origin of the Greeks, by A. Arnaiz-Villena, K. Dimitroski, M. Blagoevska, V. Zdravkovska, etc). The parade of lunacy is enough to keep Dr. Sharad Wagle, the New Jersey Psychiatrist to contemplate opening a satellite office in Skopje and keep him for a while away from his Hindo-Hellenic theories.

It sounds funny, but it is not. The naked hypocrisy of the Skopje pseudo-Makedonists who shed crocodile tears about their imaginary "human right" to be called Macedonians is evident to anyone who sees their true ultra-nationalist face. The pseudo-Makedonist ideologues are not simply demanding a name-grab of the name Makedonia for their exclusive use. They also demand that the true cultural descendants of the ancient Macedonians, the Greeks of historic Macedonia (not FYROM) be stripped of their cultural and historic heritage.

They also go a step further, making a hideous assault on the Greek collective dignity too, identifying supposedly Ionia with some vulgar words in the locally spoken Bulgarian slang:

"yavan="javan"(mod.Mac)=fucked

finally, we found etymology for word Yavan (greeks)

yavana="javana"(mod.Mac)=f. fucked""

Having been dragged into this rat-filled gutter of ethnic intolerance and Nazi ideological thinking, the true nature of pseudo-Macedonism becomes apparent in all its fanatical bigotry and ugliness. They not only demand that the name Macedonia is usurped for their own exclusive use, despite and against history, geography and linguistics, but they also demand to be identified as the rightful descendants of the ancient Greek Macedonians and feverishly make irredentist claims on the Northern Greek province of Macedonia. In every breath they spit hatred, dripping fatal venom against anything Hellenic, anything of Greece or the Greeks. To anyone from outside, the repulsive and abysmal hatred of the Slavomacedonian nationalists against Greece and the Greeks, seems to be and truly is as culturally primitive as it is politically regressive, deleteriously racist and outright dangerous. In the same way that the Nazi adherents of the "sub-humanity" of the Jews the Gypsies and the Slavs ended up in their own trap becoming abhorrent sub-humans themselves, in the same way, the poison that officially and unofficially the Skopjan ethno-political nomenclatura is promoting and fermenting to be directed against Greeks and Greece is slowly eating into their own youth´s psyche, creating traumatic scars that will be with them for generations to come.

Let us now come back to where we started from, when the author informed us that we will learn about the:

"sub-Saharan-Turkish tribes which today call their self Greeks" [sic].

He idiotically led us to Naqš-i Rustam and the royal tomb of the Persian king Darius and inscription DNe which mentions the Macedonians.

On the transliterated Persian inscription DNe, "indications of people", we read on the name of nationality #23

23. iyam Yaunâ - 23. This is the Greek, and, more specifically the Ionian Greeks who were under the yoke of the Persian Empire.

Yaunâ is unquestionably Greek.

Further down we read in Geographic succession Going north from Ionia and crossing into Europe:

24. iyam Sakâ paradraiya 24. This is the Scythian from across the sea.

25. iyam Skudra 25. This is the Thracian.

Finally, on number 26 we read:

26. iyam Yauna takabarâ 26. This is the Macedonian.


How is a Macedonian described by the Persians? Yauna takabarâ, meaning: Ionians/Greeks with Shield-shaped hats. Why did they call them Ionian/Greeks? Because the Persians were running an empire, they were not clowns, they wanted to describe everything and everyone properly, and they knew who is who and who speaks what. To the Persians, the Macedonians were not Thracians or anything else, they were speaking Greek and they were considered by their neighbors Greeks. There was one thing that they noticed different; superficial but enough to make a note of it: the wide-brimmed causia/kausia/καυσία hat of the Macedonians, protection against the heat of the sun (causis/καύσις is burning, the word "caustic´ in English is directly derived from causis: causticon). The photo of the causia-wearing Macedonian horseman in the beginning of this article is self explanatory.

Now, should anyone laugh or cry? The poor idiot tried to prove to us earlier that:

"the terms for Greek in the Irano-Semitic world Yauna (Old Iranian), Yona (Pali), Javan (Greek), Yavana (Prakrit), besides meaning barbarian or savage, [sic] are derived from the root-word yoni, meaning vagina."[sic]",

Supposedly it was derived from:

"PIE base (Sanscrit)[sic] yavan=a rider horseman, invader, aggressor", etc.

He confidently assures us that in his Bulgarian idiom, the Slavomacedonian which he misnames as "Modern Macedonian" there is a word "javan" which means:

"yavan=javan-c (mod. Mac)=a rider horseman"

Now let us ponder. We were earlier told that "Yaunâ is unquestionably Greek" and "Yauna takabarâ" is "the Macedonian". We know that Macedonian in Persian means "the Causis-wearing Ionian". I wonder now: what is the whole fuss, if the only obvious difference separating those despicable "barbarian" and "effeminate" "yavan=Javan", the Ionians i.e. the Greeks, and the "Ionians wearing the Kausia hat", i.e. the Macedonians, was just a shield-shaped hat?

Our genius had vitriolically proclaimed that "finally we found etymology for word Yavan (greeks)", which means according to him:

"yavan="javan"(mod.Mac)=fucked" [sic]

With this profound revelation apparent, the reader is now anxious to know the final etymology: We already know that "takabarâ" means "wearing the kausia, the wide-shield hat", and he already told us what "yavan="javan", another rendition of Yauna, means in "mod.Mak", his language.
So, then...putting one and one together, how would a Skopjan propagandist, who claims to be nothing less than a "Yauna takabarâ" himself, translate from the Persian the name "YAUNA takabarâ" i.e. the "Macedonian" using his own Slavo-"Makedonski" dialect?

Silence...he might as well forget the Macedonian Kausia: he just won himself a nice, tall conical hat!

It seems to me that the poisonous snake in its apparent eagerness to spread its deleterious venom ended up biting its own tail.

As the Greeks would say: Ανοιξε μόνος του τον τάφο του-He dug his own grave!...then jumped in it!

The example of the 1930´s German Nazis bend on dehumanizing their enemy other, the untermenschen / subhuman Jews, Gypsies and Eastern Slavs, ending up themselves dehumanized in the most grotesque way, should be a lesson for any and all extreme nationalist bigots polluting the Balkans with irrationality, ethnic hatred and cultural intolerance.


NOTES:

By "Skopjan" we define not the inhabitants of the city of Skopje, nor the people of the former Yugoslav Republic of Makedonija, but the irredentist, ethnic-engineering and history-falsifying policies emanating from the ultra-nationalist regime of Skopje and the propagandists in their (usually paid) service.


WHAT´S THE POINT?

The first thing that someone with even elementary knowledge of Greek would ask, after reading this article would be: "Why on earth did you spend so much time writing it? What is the point of answering every lunacy coming out of Skopje?". This is a valid question, and many people asked me already the same question for similar articles. Truly, why should anyone spend ink and time defending the self-evident truth? Honestly, the more valid question, which they should be asking, should be not why I am writing these rebuttals, but WHY ARE THE SKOPJANS WRITING THEIR OUTLANDISH BOGUS THEORIES, to begin with! And why is Mr. George Soros spending his billions promoting the fake and fraudulent pseudo-makedonism:

http://www.soros.org.mk/archive/index.htm

There is a huge, well-oiled and paid organized propaganda industry supporting and bolstering pseudo-makedonism, the vast extent of which anyone can recognize in an quick instant by doing an internet search for anything "Macedonian", anywhere in the internet, where someone would be looking up something or anything about Macedonia, Macedonian History, Macedonian Culture, Macedonian language, Alexander the Great, Philip II, etc, etc. Everywhere you look up the internet is polluted by a virtual tsunami of outrageously scatological products of hideous, truth-twisting Skopjan propaganda which passes itself for casually "impartial" information. I myself admit feeling like an idiot many times, trying to defend the self evident against vicious attacks by the BIG LIE perpetrators, spending untold hours doing the research to answer what is clear and obvious yet I believe that truth needs to document itself against falsehood. I find the strength to continue exposing deception and fake arguments in the same way that a lawyer needs to expose defamation to defend someone whose name has been tarnished has been hideous slanders and libel. Greeks or Greek-speaking persons can smell such pseudo-linguistic and pseudo-historian rotten fish from a mile, because they know Greek, the language that Alexander and his Macedonians spread to the outer reaches of the known world, and most Greeks know ancient Greek history too. For them it is easy to spot the gutter-quality fraudulent fallacies that are being mass-produced daily in untold quantities in Skopje. The obvious reason, for me is that the pseudo-Makedonists are not here to convince the Greeks. They know better than that. After all, you are not going to convince a Greek, when they know that venomous songs like "Grci katili"/"Greek killers", by Orce Stevkovski, a popular singer in Skopje made it to the top 10 in FYROM in the summer of 2009:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTOUiAn4xF0

The BIG LIE propaganda from Skopje is directed towards the wide world audience, the unsuspecting millions who have little or no knowledge of the bloody details of the Macedonian Issue, and most have little or no knowledge of ancient, medieval or modern European history and Balkan history in particular. But more than anyone else the pseudo-Makedonist propaganda target are the Slavic inhabitants of FYROM. To anyone that seeks the truth, to anyone who wants to be on the side of history and impartiality, I suggest that they look up and read the letter that the 200 Classical Scholars from around the world sent to the President of the United States of America, Barack Obama:

http://macedonia-evidence.org/obama-letter.html

History will eventually find a way to show its scorn to the ones who abuse it.


REFERENCES:

http://my.opera.com/ancientmacedonia/blog/sub-saharan-turkish-tribes-which-today-call-their-self-greeks-have-not-ethymolog

http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DNc-e.html#DNe

http://macedonia-evidence.org/persians.html

http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/downloads/SanskritDictionary.html

http://alt.nntp2http.com/history/2006/12/94299bd99900c41d0546772b0fa0d660.html

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/HEBREWS/YAVAN.HTM